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About Me

 About the Author

Hello and welcome! My name is Alexander.

I am a telecommunications specialist, an electronics instructor, and a lifelong radio amateur. For years, I have been teaching students and electronics enthusiasts how to understand circuits, master soldering, and build their own working devices from scratch.

I created Lessons Electronics to break down complex theory into simple, step-by-step practical guides. Whether you are a complete beginner picking up a soldering iron for the first time or an avid ham radio hobbyist, you’ll find clear explanations, schematics, and hands-on projects here.

Welcome to the world of electronics — let's build something great together!

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Popular posts

Antenna calculation

Formulas for Dipole and Vertical Antennas Half-wave antenna in free space (15006 / F) cm Practical half-wave antenna (up to 30 MHz) (14274 / F) cm Half-wave antenna (50 to 144 MHz) (14030 / F) cm Half-wave antenna (above 144 MHz) (14233 / F) cm Quarter-wave antenna (7137 / F) cm Full-wave antenna length (30653 / F) cm Enter frequency (MHz): Calculate ...
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NanoVNA. High-precision calibration.

High-Precision SOLT (OSLT) Calibration A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is a precision instrument whose readings directly depend on calibration. Without calibration, the VNA displays not the parameters of the measured antenna or filter, but the characteristics of the entire measurement line (including the parasitic capacitance and inductance of the connecting cables and connectors). The OSLT Calibration Procedure To perform the calibration, a set of calibration standards from the kit is used: OPEN (open connector, infinite impedance), SHORT (short-circuited connector, 0 Ohms), and LOAD (matched 50-ohm non-inductive load). It is vital to perform the calibration exactly at the end of the cable to which the Device Under Test ( DUT ) will be directly connected. Crucial Interpolation Rule: When changing the frequency range ( START/STOP ), the device automatically interpolates the calibration matrix, and the calibration status is disp...
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Dipole antenna simulator.

Dipole Antenna Simulator Interactive E-Field, Current & Impedance Visualizer How to use this simulator: Custom Input: Type your exact Operating Frequency or Physical Length into the input boxes, or use the sliders to experiment dynamically. Visualizing Standing Waves: The wire in the diagram takes up the full width for clarity. The RED graph shows Current (I) magnitude, and the BLUE graph shows Voltage (V) magnitude along the wire. Notice how Current is always zero at the antenna tips! Experiment: Increase the length beyond 1 wavelength (1.0 λ) and watch how the radiation pattern splits into multiple lobes. Auto Tune: Click the green button to instantly calculate the perfect resonant half-wave length (0.48 λ) for your chosen frequency. ...
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